Talk to an Augusta Precious Metals rollover specialist — (844) 977-0427

Gold & Silver · IRA Reference · Est. 2003

Own IRS-Approved Physical Gold Inside a Self-Directed IRA.

Guided step by step by Warren Kessler, CPA — twenty-five years in precious-metals tax planning — through what IRC Section 408(m)(3) actually admits, what a direct rollover under Section 401(a)(31) actually taxes, and what your custodian will actually charge. Every mechanic in plain English before you commit.

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Gold bars — reference photograph used editorially, not as a dealer's product shot.
Reference-tier gold: what Section 408(m)(3) actually admits into an IRA — and what it doesn't.

Why the reference tier

Three reasons tax professionals cite SGI.

SGI is not a dealer, not a custodian, not a licensed advisor. It is the reference the reference cites — a working library of what the Internal Revenue Code actually says about precious metals inside a retirement account, and what the custodian layer is actually charging to hold them.

01 · Sourced

Cited to the Internal Revenue Code, not a sales script.

Every rule claim carries an inline citation to the applicable IRC section — Section 408(m)(3) for what metals qualify, Section 401(a)(31) for the direct-rollover mechanic, Section 72(t) for penalty-free early access.

IRC Section 408(m)(3)

02 · Reviewed

Every cornerstone reviewed by Warren Kessler, CPA.

Twenty-five years in precious-metals tax planning. Reviews every SGI reference piece for Section 408(m)(3) compliance and rollover mechanic accuracy before publish. Named byline, not a house name.

CPA · Person schema

03 · Routed

Balance-tier matched — Augusta above $50k, GoldenCrest below.

Rollovers of $50,000 or more route to Augusta Precious Metals' concierge team. Smaller balances route to GoldenCrest Metals. That single-dealer introduction is how SGI is compensated — no lead-broker network.

Single dealer · No broker net

Custodian reference · November 2026

Gold IRA custodian comparison.

Published fee ranges and editorial ratings, updated November 2026. Ratings weight custodian transparency, published fee-schedule availability, complaint history, and rollover process — not commissions paid to us.

Affiliate disclosure: SGI earns a per-account-opened fee when a reader opens a self-directed precious-metals IRA with Augusta Precious Metals or GoldenCrest Metals after using this comparison. That is our only compensation on this page. Ranges below are published as of November 2026 — verify with each custodian's own fee disclosure before opening an account.
Custodian Min. Rollover Annual Fee Range Storage Editorial Rating
Aug Augusta Precious Metals Partner $50,000 $180 – $250 / yr Delaware Depository 4.9 / 5.0
GC GoldenCrest Metals Partner $10,000 $150 – $220 / yr Brink's, IDS 4.5 / 5.0
Bir Birch Gold Group $10,000 $180 – $260 / yr Delaware Depository 4.3 / 5.0
Gol Goldco $25,000 $180 – $260 / yr Delaware, IDS 4.2 / 5.0
AHG American Hartford Gold $10,000 $180 – $230 / yr Delaware, Brink's 4.1 / 5.0
Ranges published as of November 2026 — verify with each custodian's own fee disclosure. SGI is a publisher, not a dealer.
Talk to Augusta — (844) 977-0427

Ratings are editorial and updated quarterly. See our methodology for how they are calculated.

Mechanic · Not marketing

How a 401(k) → Gold IRA rollover actually works.

Five discrete steps, each governed by a specific subclause of the Internal Revenue Code. Get the mechanic right and there is no 20% mandatory withholding, no ten-percent early distribution penalty, no disqualification of the retirement account. Get it wrong and any one of those three can trigger.

1

Request a direct rollover from the plan trustee.

The plan trustee cuts a check payable to the new IRA custodian FBO the taxpayer — not to the taxpayer directly. This is the mechanic that avoids the 20% mandatory withholding.

IRC Section 401(a)(31)
2

Custodian receives and posts the transfer.

The new self-directed IRA custodian posts the incoming rollover and opens the account. The 60-day clock never starts because the taxpayer never took receipt.

IRC Section 408(d)(3)
3

Select IRS-approved bullion or coins.

Only specific gold, silver, platinum, and palladium products meeting the fineness thresholds in Section 408(m)(3) qualify. Collectibles, numismatics, and most proof coins are excluded.

IRC Section 408(m)(3)
4

Metals ship to an approved depository.

Physical possession by the account owner disqualifies the IRA. Metals must be held in the custody of a qualifying trustee at an approved depository — Delaware, Brink's, IDS, or equivalent.

IRC Section 408(m)
5

Annual reporting and required distributions.

The custodian issues Form 5498 annually. Required Minimum Distributions on gold IRAs can be taken in-kind (metals shipped out) or in cash (metals liquidated); both trigger reporting on Form 1099-R.

IRC Section 408(m)(3)
The direct rollover under Section 401(a)(31) is the mechanic most rollovers use — the plan trustee cuts a check payable to the new IRA custodian, and the taxpayer never touches the funds. Get that mechanic wrong and you own a twenty-percent mandatory withholding you did not need to trigger, plus a sixty-day scramble to make yourself whole.
Warren Kessler, CPA · Section 408(m)(3) reference notes

The introduction

See your rollover options.

Tell us the size of your rollover-eligible balance and we introduce you to one specialist — Augusta above $50,000, GoldenCrest below. Before you commit, ask that specialist for a direct email and phone number for the person who will actually be your account contact after funding. SGI's reference stays here — come back any time to double-check what your custodian tells you.

Step 1 of 2 · Balance tier

What is your rollover-eligible balance?

Your selection routes the introduction — Augusta above $50,000, GoldenCrest below.

Step 2 of 2 · Contact
Used only to send the introduction and the November 2026 reference guide.

How this works: When you request the rollover match, we introduce you to Augusta Precious Metals — the specialist team we have worked with longest. Augusta handles rollovers of $50,000 or more through their concierge process. Smaller rollovers route to GoldenCrest Metals. That single-dealer introduction is how SGI is compensated. You will not be contacted by a network of dealers. Privacy policy.

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Reference · FAQ

Questions we get from readers.

Cited to the Internal Revenue Code. If you want the underlying subclause, click through to the IRS publication cited in each answer.

What metals qualify to be held inside a self-directed IRA?

The Internal Revenue Code, at IRC Section 408(m)(3), admits specific gold, silver, platinum, and palladium bullion and coins that meet minimum fineness thresholds — gold at 99.5% fineness, silver at 99.9%, platinum and palladium at 99.95%. American Gold and Silver Eagles are admitted by statutory exception. Collectibles, most numismatics, and most proof coins are excluded. See IRS Publication 590-A and the 408(m)(3) subclauses for the complete list.

Can I hold the physical metals at home or in a personal safe deposit box?

No. Under IRC Section 408(m), the metals must remain in the custody of a qualifying trustee at an approved depository. Physical possession by the account owner is treated as a distribution — the full value becomes taxable in the year of the deemed distribution and, if the owner is under 59½, the 10% additional tax under Section 72(t) applies. "Home storage IRA" marketing does not change this rule.

How is a 401(k) → Gold IRA direct rollover taxed?

A direct rollover under IRC Section 401(a)(31) is a non-taxable event. The plan trustee cuts the check payable to the new IRA custodian for the benefit of the participant — the taxpayer never takes receipt of the funds, so the 20% mandatory withholding under Section 3405(c) does not apply and the 60-day rollover clock never starts. The transfer is reported on Form 1099-R with distribution code G.

What are typical annual fees on a self-directed precious-metals IRA?

Published fee schedules for major custodians in November 2026 range from approximately $150 to $260 per year for the combined custodial account fee and depository storage fee. Setup fees, wire fees, and metals-transaction spreads vary by custodian and are outside of SGI's editorial scope — SGI is a publisher, not a dealer. Verify current pricing with each custodian's own fee disclosure before opening an account.

Who do I actually talk to after my rollover funds — will my custodian still answer?

This is the fear most new gold-IRA owners underestimate before they fund. Once your metals are at the depository, your custodian is your ongoing point of contact: Form 5498 annually to report contributions, Form 1099-R at distribution, and administration of Required Minimum Distributions starting at age 73 for a Traditional account. If your custodian stops responding after your funds move, the IRS still expects those filings and RMDs to happen on time — the operational failure becomes your problem to unwind. Test responsiveness before you fund, not after. When you request an introduction, ask the specialist and the custodian's operations desk for a direct email and phone number, and confirm you can reach them the same week you would need to. SGI's editorial reference remains available to you at any time — you can come back here to double-check any rollover-mechanic question the custodian's team gives you.

How does SGI make money — and who is SGI's business relationship with?

SGI is a reference publication. Our revenue comes from a per-account-opened fee paid by Augusta Precious Metals or GoldenCrest Metals when a reader opens a self-directed precious-metals IRA after being introduced through SGI. Augusta is the primary partner for rollovers of $50,000 or more; GoldenCrest for smaller balances. There is no other affiliate revenue on the introduction path. SGI is not a dealer, custodian, or licensed advisor.

How can I take a distribution from a Gold IRA at retirement?

Distributions can be taken in-kind (the metals ship from the depository to the account owner, becoming personal property) or in cash (the custodian liquidates the metals at prevailing market and distributes proceeds). Both are reported on Form 1099-R and taxed at the account owner's marginal rate for a Traditional IRA, or tax-free for a qualified Roth IRA distribution. Required Minimum Distributions under Section 401(a)(9) apply beginning at age 73 for Traditional accounts.

Free 2026 Guide

Get the 2026 Gold IRA Rollover Guide.

A printable PDF from Augusta Precious Metals, delivered by email. Includes IRC Section 408(m)(3) eligibility rules, custodian comparison worksheet, and rollover mechanics reviewed by Warren Kessler, CPA.

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